问题46：什么是主的晚餐？
答：基督命令所有的基督徒存着感恩的心吃饼、喝杯，以记念祂和祂的死。主的晚餐是庆祝神在我们中间的同在，使我们与神、与彼此相交，喂养和滋养我们的灵魂。它也预示着我们将和基督一起在祂父的国里吃喝的那日。
儿童版：基督命令所有的基督徒存着感恩的心吃饼、喝杯，以记念祂。

Question 46: What is the Lord’s Supper?
Answer: Christ commanded all Christians to eat bread and to drink from the cup in thankful remembrance of him and his death. The Lord’s Supper is a celebration of the presence of God in our midst; bringing us into communion with God and with one another; feeding and nourishing our souls. It also anticipates the day when we will eat and drink with Christ in his Father’s kingdom.
For Kids: Christ commanded all Christians to eat bread and to drink from the cup in thankful remembrance of him.


歌谱 Lead Sheet

经文

《哥林多前书》11 章23 节至26 节：

　　我当日传给你们的，原是从主领受的，就是主耶稣被卖的那一夜，拿起饼来，祝谢了，就擘开，说：「这是我的身体，为你们舍的。你们应当如此行，为的是记念我。」饭后，也照样拿起杯来，说：「这杯是用我的血所立的新约。你们每逢喝的时候，要如此行，为的是记念我。」你们每逢吃这饼，喝这杯，是表明主的死，直等到祂来。

注解

理查德·巴克斯特

　　圣餐礼向我们呈现了多么难以言说的奥秘和丰富的怜悯！在此，我们得与神相交，借着基督这位伟大的中保进到祂的面前；在此，我们与赐福给我们的救赎主相交，祂在十字架上得了荣耀，将自己献上做我们的头，保守和坚固我们，使我们灵里苏醒；在此，我们与圣灵相交，祂使我们的灵魂得着救恩的好处，吸引我们到子的面前，并将从祂而来的光明、生命和力量传递给我们，加增和激发祂给我们的恩赐；在此，我们与基督的身体，祂所分别为圣要承受永生的人相交。当受基督所托付的执事借着圣餐的饼和酒，将被钉十字架的基督活化在我们眼前时，我们就仿佛看到基督在我们面前被钉十字架，我们的信心就会抓住祂，我们也就能明白这救赎的真理，并将我们的灵魂建造在这磐石上。当这位执事因着基督的委托，把基督的身体、血和救恩的好处给我们时，就像是从基督本人的口中发出的一样，坚定而有效。当我们的灵魂借着圣灵所生发的信心领受祂时，这种灵里的相交就和我们的身体领受代表基督的饼和酒一样的真实。

默想

里根·邓肯

　　圣餐是盟约的表征与保证。这是指它表明并确认神借着耶稣基督赐给我们的宝贵应许。祂是我们的神，我们是祂的子民。在圣餐中，我们记念并庆贺主的同在，经历与主的交通。我们也拥有一些滋养我们的事物，并且在圣餐中我们预尝将来的荣耀。让我们来思考一下这些事。

　　首先，在圣餐中我们记念（主）。在圣餐中，耶稣告诉门徒这宣讲祂的死，直到祂再来。圣餐中的饼和酒，对应基督的身体与血，代表着一种盟约中的牺牲，这两部分表明耶稣的死是祂慎重考虑后的行为，祂是为赦免我们的罪而献上自己成为祭物。所以每次我们领受圣餐时，我们要记住耶稣基督为我们而死的意义和重要性，我们要记念祂。「你们也应当如此行，为的是记念我。」（路22:19）宣讲我的死，直到我的再来。我们记念耶稣基督为我们完成的荣耀的赎罪之工。

　　圣餐同时也庆祝神的同在。我们被邀请在神的餐桌前屈膝，这不是很奇妙吗？尤其是我们还在悖逆之中。在《创世记》3 章，撒但对夏娃与亚当说，你们拿这果子来吃。他们吃下果子，违反了神的命令，而结果怎样？结果是满足感与成就感吗？不是，结果是从神的同在中被驱逐了。但在圣餐桌前，主自己邀请我们重回与祂的同在，一起坐在桌旁。耶稣对门徒说，你们拿来吃。祂是翻转了在伊甸园中蛇说的话。德里克·康德（Derek Kidner）有过这样精彩的叙述：「在你们『拿来吃』成为救恩的行动之先，神会亲自预尝贫穷和死亡的滋味。」而我们每次在圣餐桌前都经历了这些。当我们听到牧师说，「你们所有人拿来吃」，这是在庆祝我们重新与神联合，祂与我们同在，我们享受与祂亲密的团契。

　　圣餐的第三件事是，这是一个团契相交，这是神与祂百姓的团契相交。我们不只是因着恩典与永活的神相交，我们不只是因着耶稣在十字架上为我们所做的与永活的神相交，当我们与主耶稣基督联合时，我们与其他人也能团契相交。我们和与耶稣基督联合的每一个人联合，这就是为何保罗在《哥林多前书》说，「若不分辨是主的身体。」（林前11:29）祂不是在告诉哥林多人需要明白圣餐中一些神秘元素的事，而是在谈论身体是什么。基督的身体是教会，教会是信徒的团契。

　　圣餐也在属灵上滋养我们，这是蒙恩之道，这是神所指定的造就与喂养我们的方式，以坚固我们的信心，增加我们的属灵成长。而且圣餐也让我们期待将临的荣耀，耶稣在被卖的那晚，洗净祂门徒们的脚，并且在圣餐中服侍他们。非常有趣的是，在《路加福音》12 章37 节，当主耶稣谈到祂荣耀的再来，众人都承认祂是王，举行圆满荣耀的羔羊婚宴时，祂说，当那日，祂会让我们靠在祂身上，就像圣餐那夜的门徒们一样，而祂将束上带子服侍我们。

　　是的，在圣餐中，我们预尝了羔羊的婚宴，我们与其他人在荣耀中一同坐席，而我们的救主将再次服侍我们，供给我们一切的所需。来到主的桌前领受圣餐，是何等喜乐的一件事啊！

祷告

　　生命的粮，我们恭敬顺服地领受圣餐，并带着悔改和信心，因为我们不想空空地领受。求主帮助我们赦免人对我们犯下的罪，尤其是那些与我们在饼和杯上有份的信徒。愿我们分领圣餐并宣告你为救赎我们所做的牺牲，让我们知道我们是何等的需要它。阿们。

Scripture

1 CORINTHIANS 11:23–26

For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, “This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.” In the same way also he took the cup, after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me.” For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes.

Commentary

RICHARD BAXTER

O what unspeakable mysteries and treasures of mercy are here presented to us in a sacrament! Here we have communion with a reconciled God, and are brought into his presence by the great Reconciler. Here we have communion with our blessed Redeemer, as crucified and glorified, and offered to us, as our quickening, preserving, strengthening Head. Here we have communion with the Holy Ghost, applying to our souls the benefits of redemption, drawing us to the Son, and communicating light, and life, and strength from him unto us; increasing and actuating his graces in us. Here we have communion with the body of Christ, his sanctified people, the heirs of life. When the minister of Christ by his commission representeth a crucified Christ to our eyes, by the bread and wine appointed to this use, we see Christ crucified as it were before us, and our faith layeth hold on him, and we perceive the truth of the remedy; and build our souls upon this rock. When the same minister by Christ’s commission, doth offer us his body, and blood, and benefits, it is as firm and valid to us, as if the mouth of Christ himself had offered them. And when our souls receive him, by that faith which the Holy Ghost exciteth in us, the participation is as true as that of our bodies receiving the bread and wine which represent him.

Devotional

LIGON DUNCAN

The Lord’s Supper is a covenant sign and seal. That means that it both represents and confirms to us the precious promise of God that, through Jesus Christ, he will be our God, and we are his people. In the Lord’s Supper we have a remembrance, a celebration of God’s presence, and an experience of communion. We also have something that nourishes us, and in the Lord’s Supper, we anticipate the glory to come.

First, we have a remembrance in the Lord’s Supper. In the Lord’s Supper, Jesus told his disciples that they were going to proclaim his death until he comes. The bread and the wine, the body and the blood of Christ in the Lord’s Supper, is a representation of a covenant sacrifice. The two constituent parts indicate that Jesus’s death was a deliberate act on his part. He gave himself as a sacrifice in our place for the forgiveness of our sins. And so every time we celebrate the Lord’s Supper, we are to remember the meaning and significance of the death of Jesus Christ on our behalf. We are to remember him. “Do this in remembrance of me” (Luke 22:19). We celebrate the glorious work of atonement that Jesus Christ accomplished for us.

Second, the Lord’s Supper is also a celebration of God’s presence. Isn’t it amazing that we’re invited to slide our knees up under the table of God? That is especially amazing in light of our rebellion. In Genesis 3, Satan said to Eve and to Adam, “Take and eat this fruit.” They ate the fruit against God’s command, and what was the result? Did it result in their satisfaction and fulfillment? No. It resulted in their being driven away from the presence of God. But at the Lord’s Table the Lord himself invites us back into his presence. When Jesus says to his disciples, “Take and eat,” he reverses the words of the Serpent in the garden. Derek Kidner has this wonderful line: “God will taste poverty and death before ‘take and eat’ become verbs of salvation.” We experience that every time we come to the Lord’s Table, every time we hear the minister say, “Take and eat, all of you.” It’s a celebration of our reunion with God, his presence with us, and our enjoyment of his near fellowship.

Third, the Lord’s Supper is a communion. It’s a communion with God and with his people. We not only commune with the living God by grace, we not only commune with the living God by what Jesus has done for us on the cross, but we commune with one another. When we’re united to the Lord Jesus Christ, we’re united to everyone who is united to the Lord Jesus Christ. That’s why Paul says to the Corinthians, “You must discern the body” (1 Cor. 11:29). He’s not telling them that they need to understand some mystical thing about the elements in the Lord’s Supper. What’s the body that he’s talking about? The body of Christ, the church, the fellowship of believers.

Finally, the Lord’s Supper is spiritual nourishment. It’s a means of grace. It’s one of God’s appointed ways by which he builds us up and nourishes us, confirms our faith, and strengthens us for growth. And the Lord’s Supper is an anticipation of the glory to come. Jesus washed his disciples’ feet on the night that he was betrayed, and he served them the elements of the Lord’s Supper. Interestingly, when Jesus speaks of the marriage supper of the Lamb in consummation (Luke 12:37), in glory, when the great end has come and all have acknowledged him to be King, he says that on that day he will bid us all to recline, just like the disciples reclined on the night of the Lord’s Supper, and he will gird himself and serve us.

Yes, in the Lord’s Supper, we anticipate the marriage supper of the Lamb, where we will sit down with one another in glory, and our Savior will serve us again everything that we need. What a joy it is to come to the Lord’s Table.

Prayer

Bread of Life, we take the Lord’s Supper in reverent obedience. We do not want to receive it unworthily, so we come in repentance and faith. Help us to forgive the sins of those who have sinned against us, especially the believers with whom we share the bread and the cup. May our partaking of this meal proclaim your saving death and our desperate need of it. Amen.