问题22：救赎主为什么必须是真正的人？
答：在人性中，祂才能代表我们完全地遵守全部律法，并为我们担当罪的刑罚；祂才能体恤我们的软弱。
儿童版：在人性中，祂才能代表我们完全地遵守全部律法，并为我们担当罪的刑罚。

Question 22: Why Must the Redeemer Be Truly Human?
Answer: That in human nature he might on our behalf perfectly obey the whole law and suffer the punishment for human sin; and also that he might sympathize with our weaknesses.
For Kids: That in human nature he might on our behalf perfectly obey the whole law and suffer the punishment for human sin.


歌谱 Lead Sheet

经文

《希伯来书》2 章17 节：

　　所以，祂凡事该与祂的弟兄相同，为要在神的事上成为慈悲忠信的大祭司，为百姓的罪献上挽回祭。

注解

亚祂那修

　　「道」知道，要拯救败坏的人，死是必不可免的，而「道」作为不朽的神之子又是不可能死的；为此，祂取了可以死的肉身，这肉身因着万有之上的「道」住在里面，就能够替所有人去死；并且因着肉身里面「道」的不朽，所有人从此就可以借着复活的恩典而脱离败坏。祂将自己所取的、无瑕疵的身体献上为祭，就能救所有与祂同在肉身之中的人脱离死亡。超乎万有的神之道，将自己有形的殿献上，就借着祂的死偿还了所有人的罪债。不朽的神之子，既在人性上与所有人联合，也就借着复活的应许为所有人披上了不朽的外衣。

默想

安泰博

　　我们人类是如此的堕落，我们很久以前就如此堕落了，甚至认为这样的自己就是人的标准。我们甚至会说犯错是人的本性，我们不得己在堕落中、在支离破碎中、在不完整中来定义人性。但你若这样定义人性，那么你要如何来定义耶稣？就是取了我们人性的耶稣。圣经告诉我们耶稣是无罪的，是没有犯过错误的。

　　我们在耶稣身上看见的是真正的人性。祂道成肉身，祂在世上的生活与侍奉向我们表明，人性本来正应该像祂这样，人性本该如此。这才是亚当受造应该要有的样式，但亚当却在自己的罪中堕落并败坏了。《罗马书》5 章告诉我们说，第一个人亚当犯罪，借着祂，罪就进入了世界。但是第二个亚当来了，真正的亚当，就是基督，祂是真正的人。祂在人性当中所做的，是非常不平凡的。在人性中，祂将我们所亏欠神的一切都献给了神。所以在祂的人性中，祂完美的顺服神一切的诫命。我们不愿意献给神的顺服，祂代替我们献上。实际上因着我们堕落的、罪的本性，我们也无法将自己的顺服献给神。

　　明白基督是完美的义者很重要，因为祂为我们成就了义。我们需要的义都在神的儿子身上，因为祂取了我们的肉身、我们的形象和人类的本性。祂不但主动地成为我们的义，而且在十字架上死了，祂承担人类本应承受的刑罚，祂替代我们而死。我们不只是对神亏欠义，因为我们没有达到这义，我们还亏欠神我们的生命、死亡和血。但是基督代替了我们，为了满足神的公义以及神在义中对罪的惩罚，祂将自己作为我们的祭物献给了神。

　　为了成为我们完美的大祭司、我们完美的祭物，耶稣必须成为像我们一样的人。祂取了我们的本性，祂也在这本性中彰显出人性的价值。人该有怎样的样式？人应该在神面前公义、顺服神、在凡事上敬拜神、完全的爱祂。当耶稣在加略山的十字架上背负我们的罪时，同时也显明了我们的亏欠。祂作为完全的大祭司，祂现在也能够体恤我们，完全了解我们的苦楚、失败、挣扎，因为祂曾取了我们的肉身。祂现在可以用同理心看待人类，祂成为完美的人，在神面前代表我们。

　　这就是为什么祂必须成为和我们完全一样的人，只是祂没有犯罪。

祷告

　　信实的大祭司，祢也曾凡事受过试探，与我们一样，只是祢仍旧全然地顺服。谢谢祢了解我们的软弱，求祢使我们不要为自己的罪开脱，或否认自己的罪。让我们欢喜快乐地接受祢替我们所成就的一切。阿们。

Scripture

HEBREWS 2:17

Therefore he had to be made like his brothers in every respect, so that he might become a merciful and faithful high priest in the service of God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people.

Commentary

ATHANASIUS OF ALEXANDRIA

For the Word, perceiving that no otherwise could the corruption of men be undone save by death as a necessary condition, while it was impossible for the Word to suffer death, being immortal, and Son of the Father; to this end He takes to Himself a body capable of death, that it, by partaking of the Word Who is above all, might be worthy to die in the stead of all, and might, because of the Word which was come to dwell in it, remain incorruptible, and that thenceforth corruption might be stayed from all by the Grace of the Resurrection. Whence, by offering unto death the body He Himself had taken, as an offering and sacrifice free from any stain, straightway He put away death from all His peers by the offering of an equivalent. For being over all, the Word of God naturally by offering His own temple and corporeal instrument for the life of all satisfied the debt by His death. And thus He, the incorruptible Son of God, being conjoined with all by a like nature, naturally clothed all with incorruption, by the promise of the resurrection.

Devotional

THABITI ANYABWILE

We human people are so fallen, and we’ve been so fallen for so long, that we actually think that we are the measure of what it means to be human. It’s striking. We say things like “to err is human.” And we unwittingly then begin to define humanity in terms of that fallenness, in terms of its brokenness, in terms of its incompleteness. But if you define humanity like that, what do you do with Jesus? What do you do with Jesus who takes upon himself our humanity, yet, as the Bible tells us, is without sin, who does not err?

What we see in Jesus is true humanity. What we see in his incarnation, his earthly life and ministry, is what humanity was meant to be, what Adam was created to be but ruined in his sin and his fall. So, as Romans 5 teaches, the first man Adam sins, and through his sin death enters the world. But here comes a second Adam, a true Adam, Christ, who is truly man. What Christ does in his humanity is nothing short of remarkable. In his humanity, he offers to God everything that we owe God. In his humanity, in his perfect obedience to God’s commands, he offers to God the obedience that we refuse to give him (and could not give him) because of our fallen, sinful nature.

It’s absolutely essential that what we see in Christ is perfect righteousness, because he’s supplying that righteousness on our behalf. All the righteousness we will ever need is in the Son of God who took upon himself our flesh, our likeness, our human nature. Not only does he positively supply the righteousness, but on the cross, our Savior dies and pays the penalty that humanity owed. He dies in our place. We owe God not only righteousness, but now because we didn’t supply that righteousness, we also owe God our lives, our death, our blood. Christ takes our place, and he supplies to God the sacrifice on our behalf that satisfies God’s demands for righteousness and his righteous determination to punish sin.

And so in order to be for us a perfect High Priest, in order to be for us a perfect offering, Jesus had to be one with us. He had to take upon himself our nature and in that nature demonstrate what humanity is, what it was meant to be—righteous before God, obedient to God, worshiping God in all things, loving him fully. And he also demonstrates what humanity owes when he pays the penalty on Calvary’s cross for our sin. And so to be that High Priest, a perfect High Priest, who also now sympathizes with us, knows our suffering, knows our failures, knows our troubles, and knows them intimately because he experienced them in our flesh, he can look to humanity with sympathy and represent humanity to God with perfection.

And so it was necessary that he be made like us in every way, but without sin.

Prayer

Faithful High Priest, you were tempted in every way as we are, yet you remained perfect in your obedience. Thank you that you know our weakness. Keep us from excusing or denying our sinfulness. We joyfully accept your exchange. Amen.