问题10：神在第四条和第五条诫命中有什么要求？
答：第四，在安息日这一天，我们要在公共或私下的场合敬拜神，放下日常的工作，服侍主和他人，为永恒的安息日做准备。第五，我们要爱和孝敬父母，顺服他们敬虔的管教和指导。
儿童版：第四，在安息日这一天，我们当敬拜神。第五，我们当爱和孝敬我们的父母。

Question 10: What Does God Require in the Fourth and Fifth Commandments?
Answer: Fourth, that on the Sabbath day we spend time in public and private worship of God, rest from routine employment, serve the Lord and others, and so anticipate the eternal Sabbath. Fifth, that we love and honor our father and our mother, submitting to their godly discipline and direction.
For Kids: Fourth, that on the Sabbath day we spend time in worship of God. Fifth, that we love and honor our father and our mother.


歌谱 Lead Sheet

经文

《利未记》19 章3 节：

　　你们各人都当孝敬父母，也要守我的安息日。我是耶和华你们的神。

注解

约翰·加尔文

　　现在很容易理解律法的原则了，即：神创造了我们，祂有权被尊为「父」，被尊为「主」，我们理应将敬畏、爱和荣耀归给祂；我们不属于自己，我们不要去放纵私欲，而是要毫无保留地顺服祂，全然领受祂的美意。律法重申，公义和正直为神所喜悦，不义为祂所憎恶。因此，我们不要以不虔不敬、忘恩负义背离造我们的主，所以我们要用一生来培养我们的公义。如果我们必须将神的旨意置于我们自己的意志之上时才能显出敬畏的话，那么，唯有践行公义、纯粹和圣洁才是真正的服侍祂。我们也不能以自己没有能力为做不到的借口，仿佛手段已用尽的欠债人，无法偿还债务一般。我们不能以自己的能力测度神的荣耀；无论我们是怎样的人，祂以公义为友、与不义为敌的属性永不改变，无论祂要求我们做什么，我们都必须自然地顺服，因为祂只会要求我们做正确的事。

默想

提摩太·凯勒

　　如果我们阅读整本圣经，旧约和新约，我们就知道可以从两个方面来看安息日的诫命。

　　首先，这是非常重要的实践。在我们的生活中，神要求我们保持工作和休息的节奏，神禁止我们过度地工作。

　　神也命令我们要照顾好自己的身体与灵魂。我们不应只注重我们的身体，也要借着每周的团契、祷告和敬拜来复苏灵魂。

　　但实际上，新约也告诉我们安息日指向更深的休息。《希伯来书》4 章特别说到，当我们相信基督和福音时，就歇了自己的工。也就是说，我们已经摆脱「必须证明自己，倚靠自己得救」的重担了。在此生，我们可以进入这更深的安息，但在将来的新天新地中才能完全实现。这是我们的盼望，尤其是在软弱困苦的时刻。

　　第五条诫命，孝顺父母，也应该以福音的眼光来看待。这条诫命说，作为儿女应当顺服父母，也应当尊重并且听从他们。同时，福音也提醒我们，神是我们的父亲，因着恩典我们被带领进入祂的家中，祂是我们爱的源头。若我们的「爱」源于我们与神的关系，那么，我们就能真正地爱并尊荣我们的父母：一方面，不过度倚靠他们；另一方面，也不向他们奢求唯独在神里才能找到的东西。

祷告

　　赐生命的父，唯有行在祢的道中，我们才会兴旺。祢造了我们，祢告诉我们需要休息。请保守我们不要试图通过无休止的工作来证明自己。赐给我们谦卑，使我们孝敬父母。愿我们行事为人永远是照祢的命令，而非自己的直觉。阿们。

Scripture

LEVITICUS 19:3

Every one of you shall revere his mother and his father, and you shall keep my Sabbaths: I am the Lord your God.

Commentary

JOHN CALVIN

It is now easy to understand the doctrine of the law—viz. that God, as our Creator, is entitled to be regarded by us as a Father and Master, and should, accordingly, receive from us fear, love, reverence, and glory; nay, that we are not our own, to follow whatever course passion dictates, but are bound to obey him implicitly, and to acquiesce entirely in his good pleasure. Again, the Law teaches, that justice and rectitude are a delight, injustice an abomination to him, and, therefore, as we would not with impious ingratitude revolt from our Maker, our whole life must be spent in the cultivation of righteousness. For if we manifest becoming reverence only when we prefer his will to our own, it follows, that the only legitimate service to him is the practice of justice, purity, and holiness. Nor can we plead as an excuse, that we want the power, and, like debtors, whose means are exhausted, are unable to pay. We cannot be permitted to measure the glory of God by our ability; whatever we may be, he ever remains like himself, the friend of righteousness, the enemy of unrighteousness, and whatever his demands from us may be, as he can only require what is right, we are necessarily under a natural obligation to obey.

Devotional

TIMOTHY KELLER

If we read the entire Bible, Old and New Testaments, we come to see that the command to remember the Sabbath day has two aspects to it.

First, it’s a crucial practice. In our lives we’re commanded to have a rhythm of work and rest, and we are forbidden to overwork.

We’re also commanded to nurture our bodies and our souls. We’re not supposed to nurture only our bodies. We’re to rejuvenate our souls through fellowship and through prayer and devotion and worship every week.

It’s also true, however, that the New Testament shows us that the
Sabbath day points to a deeper kind of rest. Hebrews 4 in particular says that when we believe in Christ and the gospel, we rest from our works. Which means the great burden of having to prove ourselves and having to earn our salvation is lifted from us. In this life we get much of that deeper rest, and yet it’s only completely realized in the future in the new heavens and new earth. And we look for that and we long for that. It’s deeply consoling especially at times in which we’re very weary.

The fifth commandment to honor our parents should also be read in light of the gospel. The command says that as children, we should obey our parents. As adults, we should respect and listen to our parents. And yet the gospel also reminds us that God is our Father, by grace we’re brought into his family, and he is our primary source of love. And if our primary phileo relationship is with him, then we are able to love and honor our parents well, not looking to them to provide what can be found in God alone.

Prayer

Life-Giving Father, we will flourish only when we walk in your ways. You have made us, and you tell us we need rest. Keep us from justifying ourselves through ceaseless work. Give us humility to honor our parents. May we always live by your commands rather than by our own instincts. Amen.