分类： 《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

19问：上帝对天使有何护理之工？

答：为使自己得荣耀，上帝藉其护理，上帝为了自己的荣耀，藉其护理之工，容许部份天使，在祂的限制和定规下（伯1:12；太8:31），蓄意堕落犯罪，并硬心到底，自取灭亡（犹6；彼后2:4；来2:16；约8:44）；又按自己旨意所喜悦的，藉着自己权柄、怜悯、公义之治理（王下19:35；来1:14），使其余的天使都被建立在圣洁和喜乐之中（提前5:21；可8:38；来12:22）。

Question 19: What is God’s providence towards the angels?

Answer: God by his providence permitted some of the angels, wilfully and irrecoverably, to fall into sin and damnation, limiting and ordering that, and all their sins, to his own glory; and established the rest in holiness and happiness; employing them all, at his pleasure, in the administrations of his power, mercy, and justice.

18问：何为上帝的护理之工？

答：上帝的护理之工就是祂对所造万有至圣（诗145:17）、至智（诗104:24；赛28:29）、至能的维护（来1:3）和统管（诗103:19），使万有，以及万有之运作（太10:29-31；创45:7），全都为了他的荣耀，照着祂的定规成就实现（罗11:36；赛63:14）。

Question 18: What are God’s works of providence?

Answer: God’s works of providence are his most holy, wise, and powerful preserving and governing all his creatures; ordering them, and all their actions, to his own glory.

17问：上帝如何创造人？

答：上帝造万物之后，就造男人女人（创1:27）；先用地上的尘土造了男人的身体，后用男人的肋骨造了女人（创2:22），赋予他们有生命、有理性、永存不朽的灵魂（创2:7；伯35:11；传12:7；太10:28；路23:43）；就是按祂自己有知识（西3:10）、有公义和圣洁（弗4:24）的形象创造他们（创1:27）；又将律法写在他们心里（罗2:14-15），赐给他们遵行律法的能力及统管万有的权柄，但听凭他们或顺命，或堕落（创3:6；传7:29）。

Question 17: How did God create man?

Answer: After God had made all other creatures, he created man male and female; formed the body of the man of the dust of the ground, and the woman of the rib of the man, endued them with living, reasonable, and immortal souls; made them after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness,and holiness; having the law of God written in their hearts, and power to fulfil it, and dominion over the creatures; yet subject to fall.

16问：上帝如何造天使？

答：上帝创造了属乎灵性（诗104:4）、永存不朽（太22:30）、分别为圣（太25:31）、知识卓越（撒下14:17；太24:36）、大有权能（帖后1:7）的众天使（西1:16），让他们可以或执行上帝的命令、赞美上帝的圣名（诗103:20-21），或变节叛逆（彼后2:4）。

Question 16: How did God create angels?

Answer: God created all the angels spirits, immortal, holy, excelling in knowledge, mighty in power, to execute his commandments, and to praise his name, yet subject to change.

15问：何为上帝的造化之工？

答：上帝的造化之工，就是上帝于起初，为了祂自己，藉祂权能的话语，于六日之内，从无有之中创造了甚为美好之世界及其中之万有（创1；来11:3；箴16:4）。

Question 15: What is the work of creation?

Answer: The work of creation is that wherein God did in the beginning, by the word of his power, make of nothing the world, and all things therein, for himself, within the space of six days, and all very good.

12问：上帝的定旨是什么？

答：上帝的定旨乃上帝为了自己的荣耀，从太初就按其不变之预旨所设定出于其智慧、自由、圣洁之谋略的运作（弗1:11；罗11:33；9:14-15，18），使万有一切都成就在历史中（弗1:4，11；罗9:22－23；诗33:11），尤其关乎天使和人类的事。

Question 12: What are the decrees of God?

Answer: God’s decrees are the wise, free, and holy acts of the counsel of his will, whereby, from all eternity, he has, for his own glory, unchangeably foreordained: Whatsoever comes to pass in time, especially concerning angels and men.

13问：上帝对天使和人类的定旨是什么？

答：上帝出于祂的圣爱，也为了使祂荣耀的恩典至终可以得着称赞，乃根据祂永恒不变的定旨，拣选部份天使得着荣耀（提前5:21）；也拣选部份人藉所设定的途径得着永生（弗1:4-6；帖后2:13-14）；并按祂主权的能力以及祂旨意无可测度之谋略，或施恩或不施恩，预定其他各人因所犯之罪蒙羞辱、受天谴，使祂公义的荣耀得着称赞（罗9:17-18，21-22；太11:25-26；提后2:20；犹4；彼前2:8）。

Question 13: What has God especially decreed concerning angels and men?

Answer: God, by an eternal and immutable decree, out of his mere love, for the praise of his glorious grace, to be manifested in due time, has elected some angels to glory; and in Christ has chosen some men to eternal life, and the means thereof: and also, according to his sovereign power, and the unsearchable counsel of his own will (whereby he extends or withholds favor as he pleases), has passed by and foreordained the rest to dishonor and wrath, to be for their sin inflicted, to the praise of the glory of his justice.

14问：上帝如何实施祂的定旨？

答：上帝按照祂无误之预知，以及祂心里绝对自由、绝对不变之谋略，藉其造化与护理之工，施行祂的定旨（弗1:11）。

Question 14: How does  God execute his decrees?

Answer: God executes his decrees in the works of creation and providence, according to his infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of his own will.

9问：上帝共有几个位格？

答：上帝共有圣父、圣子、圣灵三个位格，三者同质、同权、同荣，同为实存、永在之独一上帝，但三者各具不同之特性（约壹5:7；太3:16－17；28:19；林后13:14；约10:30）。

Question 9: How many persons are there in the Godhead?

Answer: There be three persons in the Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one true, eternal God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory; although distinguished by their personal properties.

10问：上帝的这三个位格各有什么特性？

答：在亘古之前，圣父衍生圣子（来1:5－6，8），圣子生于圣父（约1:14，18），圣灵则出于圣父及圣子（约15:26；加4:6）。

Question 10: What are the personal properties of the three persons in the Godhead?

Answer: It is proper to the Father to beget the Son, and to the Son to be begotten of the Father, and to the Holy Ghost to proceed from the Father and the Son from all eternity.

11问：何以见得圣子和圣灵都是与圣父同等的上帝？

答：圣经既把专属于上帝的称谓（赛6:3，5，8；比较约12:41；徒28:25；约壹5:20；徒5:3－4）、属性（约1:1；赛9:6；约2:24－25；林前2:10－11）、作为（西1:16；创1:2）和敬拜（太28:19；林后13:14），也用于圣子和圣灵身上，说明圣子和圣灵也都是与圣父同等的上帝。

Question 11: How doth it appear that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father?

Answer: The Scriptures manifest that the Son and the Holy Ghost are God equal with the Father, ascribing unto them such names, attributes, works, and worship, as are proper to God only.

8问：是否有多于一位上帝？

答：不，只有一位上帝，就是独一无二、又真又活的上帝（申6:4；林前8:4，6；耶10:10）。

Question 8: Are there more Gods than one?

Answer: There is but one only, the living and true God.

6问：圣经如何启示上帝？

答：圣经启示：

1. 何为上帝？（来11:6）
2. 何为上帝的位格？（约贰5:17）
3. 何为上帝的定旨？（徒15:14-15，18）
4. 何为上帝定旨之执行？（徒4:27-28）

Question 6: What do the Scriptures make known of God?

Answer: The Scriptures make known: What God is, the persons in the Godhead, his decrees, and the execution of his decrees.

7问：何为上帝？

答：

1. 上帝是灵（约4:24），自有永有，无可限量（出3:14；伯11:7－9），荣耀辉煌（徒7:2），可称可颂（提前6:15）、圣洁完全（太5:48）；
2. 上帝丰足无缺（创17:1），永远长存（诗90:2），绝不改变（玛3:6；雅1:17），不可测度（王上8:27），无所不在（诗139:1－13），无所不能（启4:8），无所不知（来4:13；诗147:5），至智（罗16:27），至圣（赛6:3；启15:4），至义（申32:4），至爱（约壹4：8，16），有怜悯，有恩典，不轻易发怒，并有丰盛的慈爱和诚实（出34:6）。

Question 7: What is God?

Answer: God is a Spirit, in and of himself infinite in being, glory, blessedness, and perfection; all-sufficient, eternal, unchangeable, incomprehensible, everywhere present, almighty, knowing all things, most wise, most holy, most just, most merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth.

5问：圣经主要的教导是什么？

答：圣经主要的教导是让人知道，人对上帝所当信的是什么，以及上帝对人所要求的是什么（提后1:13）。

Question 5: What do the Scriptures principally teach?

Answer: The Scriptures principally teach: What man is to believe concerning God, and: What duty God requires of man.