分类： 《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

二十三、中保的资格

38问：中保为什么必须是上帝呢？

答：中保必须是上帝，才能：1）使祂的人性在上帝的震怒以及死亡的权势下，持守得住，不致沉沦（徒2:24-25；罗1:4，比较罗4:25；来9:14）；2）为祂的受苦、顺服、代求，带来有价值的果效（徒20:28；来9:14；7:25-28）；3）满足上帝公义的要求（罗3:24-26），得着恩典（弗1:6，7；太3:17），买赎了一群独特的子民（多2:13-14），将自己的灵赐给他们（加4:6），并征服他们所有的仇敌（路1:68-69，71，74），把他们带入永远的救恩（来5:8-9；9:11-15）。

Question 38: Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God?

Answer: It was requisite that the Mediator should be God, that he might sustain and keep the human nature from sinking under the infinite wrath of God, and the power of death; give worth and efficacy to his sufferings, obedience, and intercession; and to satisfy God’s justice, procure his favor, purchase a peculiar people, give his Spirit to them, conquer all their enemies, and bring them to everlasting salvation.

39问：中保为什么必须是人呢？

答：中保必须是人，才能在我们的人性中（来2:17），显明祂对律法的顺从（加4:4），并为我们受苦代求（来2:14；7:24-25），体恤我们的软弱（来4:15），使我们得着儿子的名分（加4:5），可以坦然无惧，来到施恩的宝座前（来4:16）。

Question 39: Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be man?

Answer: It was requisite that the Mediator should be man, that he might advance our nature, perform obedience to the law, suffer and make intercession for us in our nature, have a fellow feeling of our infirmities; that we might receive the adoption of sons, and have comfort and access with boldness unto the throne of grace.

40问：中保为什么必须在同一位格中既是上帝又是人呢？

答：中保为要使人与上帝和好，就必须在同一位格中既是上帝又是人，以便于此二性中为我们所成就的全人之工，既得以蒙上帝所悦纳（太1:21，23；3:17；来9:14），又得以为我们所信靠（彼前2:6）。

Question 40: Why was it requisite that the Mediator should be God and man in one person?

Answer: It was requisite that the Mediator, who was to reconcile God and man, should himself be both God and man, and this in one person, that the proper works of each nature might be accepted of God for us, and relied on by us, as the works of the whole person.

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

二十二、恩典之约的中保

36问：恩典之约的中保是谁？

答：恩典之约唯一的中保是主耶稣基督（提前2:5），上帝永恒之子，与父同质同权（约1:1，14；10:30；腓2:6）。基督自从时候满足、降世为人以来（加4:4），就一直在同一位格中，存在着迥然不同的神人二性，直到永远（路1:35；罗9:5；西2:9；来7:24-25）。

Question 36: Who is the Mediator of the covenant of grace?

Answer: The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, of one substance and equal with the Father, in the fulness of time became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, forever.

37问：上帝的儿子基督是如何成为人的？

答：上帝的儿子基督，是藉着圣灵的能力，透过童女马利亚受感成孕，取了人血肉之身与理性之魂（约1:14；太26:38），由马利亚所生（路1:27，31，35，42；加4:4），成为确确实实，只是没有罪的人（来4:15；来7:26）。

Question 37: How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

Answer: Christ the Son of God became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her substance, and born of her, yet without sin.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

二十一、恩典之约的施行

33问：恩典之约是否始终都以同一方式来施行？

答：不是的，恩典之约在旧约和新约是以不同的方式来施行的（林后3:6-9）。

Question 33: Was the covenant of grace always administered after one and the same manner?

Answer: The covenant of grace was not always administered after the same manner, but the administrations of it under the Old Testament were different from those under the New.

34问：恩典之约在旧约是以什么形式施行的？

答：在旧约，恩典之约是藉应许（罗15:8）、预言（徒3:20，24）、祭祀（来10:1）、割礼（罗4:11）、逾越节（林前5:7），以及其他象征之后才要来临之基督的预表和规条来施行，使旧约选民对应许中之弥赛亚的信心得以建立（来8，9，10；11:13），可以靠着弥赛亚，罪过得以赦免，从而继承了永远的救恩（加3:7-9，14）。

Question 34: How was the covenant of grace administered under the Old Testament?

Answer: The covenant of grace was administered under the Old Testament, by promises, prophecies, sacrifices, circumcision, the passover, and other types and ordinances, which did all foresignify Christ then to come, and were for that time sufficient to build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah, by whom they then had full remission of sin, and eternal salvation.

35问：恩典之约在新约是以什么形式施行的？

答：在新约，当作为约中之实体的基督已经显明出来，所以恩典之约固仍藉着圣言的传讲来施行（可16:15），但也藉圣洗礼（太28:19-20）和圣餐礼（林前11:23-25）来表明，使恩典和救赎在万国万民面前彰显得更透彻、更鲜明、更有效（林后3:6-9；来8:6，10-11；太28:19）。

Question 35: How is the covenant of grace administered under the New Testament?

Answer: Under the New Testament, when Christ the substance was exhibited, the same covenant of grace was and still is to be administered in the preaching of the Word, and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper; in which grace and salvation are held forth in more fulness, evidence, and efficacy, to all nations.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

二十、恩典之约

31问：上帝与何人立下恩典之约？

答：上帝的恩典之约是与作为第二亚当的基督而立，也是与所有在基督里蒙拣选成为基督后嗣之人而立的（加3:16；罗5:15-21；赛53:10-11）。

Question 31: With whom was the covenant of grace made?

Answer: The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed.

32问：上帝在第二个约中的恩典是如何显明出来的？

答：上帝在第二个约中的恩典可从以下各点显明出来：1）白白为罪人预备并提供了一位中保（创3:15；赛42:6；约6:27），使罪人可以从而得着生命和救恩（约壹5:11－12）；2）应许并赐下圣灵给祂所拣选的人，使他们能以藉着圣灵的运作，生发渴慕中保的信心（林后4:13），以及其他诸般相应的恩典（加5:22-23），使他们得救（约3:16；1:12）；3）赐他们能以按照祂所指定的得救之道（弗2:18），藉着敬虔和顺服（结36:27；各1:26，27）证明他们对上帝真实的信心（雅2:18，22），与真实的感恩（林后5:14-15）。

Question 32: How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant?

Answer: The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provides and offers to sinners a Mediator, and life and salvation by him; and requiring faith as the condition to interest them in him, promises and gives his Holy Spirit to all his elect, to work in them that faith, with all other saving graces; and to enable them unto all holy obedience, as the evidence of the truth of their faith and thankfulness to God, and as the way which he has appointed them to salvation.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十九、行为之约

30问：上帝是否任凭全人类在罪恶和痛苦的状态中灭亡？

答：上帝并不因人类违背了与祂所立的第一个约，即行为之约（加3:10，12），就任凭他们在罪恶和痛苦的状态中灭亡（帖前5:9）；反过来，祂却因为祂的慈爱和怜悯，就藉着第二个约，即恩典之约，将祂的选民拯救到得救的地位上（多3:4-7；加3:21；罗3:20-22）。

Question 30: Does God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

Answer: God does not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery,into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the covenant of works; but of his mere love and mercy delivers his elect out of it, and brings them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant,commonly called the covenant of grace.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十八、罪所导致的惩罚

27问：堕落给人类带来什么痛苦？

答：堕落令人类断送了与上帝之间的交通（创3:8，10，24），招致上帝的不悦和咒诅；使我们在本性上成为可怒之子（弗2:2－3）、撒但之奴（提后2:26），该面对今生及永世一切的惩罚（创2:17；哀3:39；罗6:23；太25:41，46；犹7）。

Question 27: What misery did the fall bring upon mankind?

Answer: The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God, his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath, bond slaves to Satan, and justly liable to all punishments in this world, and that which is to come.

28问：罪所带来今生的惩罚是什么？

答：罪所带来今生的惩罚，内在方面，包括心思昏暗（弗4:18）、心灵邪僻（罗1:28）、心理（理性）错乱（帖后2:11）、心态刚硬（罗2:5）、心境不安（良心恐惧）（赛33:14；创4:13；太27:4）、心念败坏（罗1:26）；外在方面，万物因我们的缘故受了上帝的咒诅（创3:17），各样痛苦也必临到我们的肉身、名誉、产业、关系、工作（申28:15－18），而至终我们也都必以死亡为归结（罗5:12；6:23）。

Question 28: What are the punishments of sin in this world?

Answer: The punishments of sin in this world are either inward, as blindness of mind, a reprobate sense, strong delusions, hardness of heart, horror of conscience, and vile affections; or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sakes, and all other evils that befall us in our bodies,names, estates, relations, and employments; together with death itself.

29问：罪所带来永世的惩罚是什么？

答：罪所带来永世的惩罚就是永远与上帝美善的同在隔绝，灵魂和身体永远在地狱的烈火中遭受极其痛苦、没有间断的煎熬（帖后1:9；可9:43-44，46，48；路16:24）。

Question 29: What are the punishments of sin in the world to come?

Answer: The punishments of sin in the world to come, are everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell fire forever.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十七、原罪

23问：堕落将人类带入怎样的状态里？

答：堕落使人类陷入罪恶与灾苦的状态里（罗5:12；3:23）。

Question 23: Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

Answer: The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.

24问：罪是什么？

答：罪就是未遵守，或触犯上帝的任何律法，即上帝对生俱理性之人所给予的准则（约壹3:4；加3:10，12）。

Question 24: What is sin?

Answer: Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature.

25问：人堕落后陷入了怎样的罪恶状态中？

答：人堕落后所陷入罪恶的状态，涵盖于亚当于其首次犯罪时所带来的罪咎（罗5:12，19），所丧失的受造之义，所导致人性的败坏，使他对一切属灵美善之事麻木不仁、无能为力、甚至背道而驰，并彻底倾向一切的邪恶，欲罢不能（罗3:10－19；弗2:1－3；罗5:6；8:7－8；创6:5），也就是一般所说的原罪，以及由原罪所引发诸般的本罪（雅1:14－15；太15:19）。

Question 25: Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

Answer: The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually; which is commonly called original sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions.

26问：原罪如何从我们的始祖遗传给他们的后裔？

答：原罪乃藉自然之繁殖由我们的始祖遗传给他们的后代子孙。如此，凡从他们而出的人也都自然而然怀于罪中、生于罪中（诗51:5；伯14:4；15:14；约3:6）。

Question 26: How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?

Answer: Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十六、亚当的代表性

22问：是否全人类都于此第一次过犯中堕落了？

答：亚当既作为众人的代表，所以上帝与他之约，就不单只是为他一人而立，也是为所有从他而出，绵延不绝的后裔，以至乎全人类而立（徒17:26）。如此，地上万族就都在亚当第一次的过犯中与他一同犯了罪，也与他一同堕落了（创2:16-17；罗5:12-20；林前15:21-22）。

Question 22: Did all mankind fall in that first transgression?

Answer: The covenant being made with Adam as a public person, not for himself only, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression.

《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十五、始祖的堕落

21问：始祖是否一直处于原初受造时的地位上？

答：我们的始祖既按所赋予之自由意识，在撒但的诱惑下，吃了禁果，违背了上帝的诫命，就从原初被造时天真无邪的地位上堕落了（创3:6－8，13；传7:29；林后11:3）。

Question 21: Did man continue in that estate wherein God at first created him?

Answer: Our first parents being left to the freedom of their own will, through the temptation of Satan, transgressed the commandment of God in eating the forbidden fruit; and thereby fell from the estate of innocency wherein they were created.
《威斯敏斯特大教理问答》

十四．上帝对人的护理

20问：上帝对处于原初受造之地位上的人有何护理之工？

答：上帝对处于原初受造地位上之人的护理之工，就是将他安置在乐园里，吩咐他修理看守园子，赐他自由可以食用地上各样果子（创2:8，15-16）；将所有受造之物都置于他的治理之下（创1:28）；设立婚配，使他能有个帮手（创2:18）；为他提供与上帝交契的可能（创1:26-29；创3:8）；制定安息日（创2:3）；还与他订立了生命之约，以生命树为信为据（创2:9），以他愿否切实、完全、持续顺命为条件（加3:12；罗10:5），并禁止他吃分辨善恶之树上的果子，以免遭致死亡之悲痛（创2:17）。

Question 20: What was the providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created?

Answer: The providence of God toward man in the estate in which he was created, was the placing him in paradise, appointing him to dress it, giving him liberty to eat of the fruit of the earth; putting the creatures under his dominion, and ordaining marriage for his help; affording him communion with himself; instituting the sabbath; entering into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of personal, perfect, and perpetual obedience, of which the tree of life was a pledge; and forbidding to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.