一、凡蒙神有效呼召的人，祂也白白地称他们为义（罗8:30；3:24；5:15-16）：不是通过将义灌注进他们里面，而是通过赦免他们的罪，算他们为义、接纳他们为义人；不是因为他们里面有什么，也不是因为他们做了什么，而是单单因着基督的缘故；不是将信心本身、相信的行动或任何其他对福音的顺服归算为他们的义，而是将基督的顺服和成就归算给他们（罗4:5-8；林后5:19,21；罗3:22-28；多3:5,7；弗1:7；耶23:6；林前1:30-31；罗5:17-19），他们凭信心接受并倚靠祂和祂的义。这信心不是出于他们自己，乃是神所的恩赐（约1:12；徒10:43；13:38,39；腓3:9；弗2:7-8；约6:44-45,65；腓1:29）。（译注：「灌注」是中世纪天主教的说法，而保罗新观则否定「归算」的说法。）

Those whom God effectually calleth, He also freely justifieth: not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous; not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ’s sake alone; not by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them, they receiving and resting on Him and His righteousness by faith; which faith they have not of themselves, it is the gift of God.

二、如此接受并倚靠基督和祂的义的信心，乃是称义的惟一凭借（约3:18,36；罗3:28；5:1）；然而，它不是单独存在称义的人里面，而是始终伴随着所有其他救赎的恩典，并且不是死的信心，而会借着爱显明出来（雅2:17,22,26；加5:6）。

Faith, thus receiving and resting on Christ and His righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification; yet is it not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but worketh by love.

三、基督借着祂的顺服和受死，完全清偿了凡因此称义之人的罪债，并代替他们适当、真实、完全地满足了祂父的公义（可10:45；罗5:8-10,18-19；加3:13；提前2:5,6；来1:3；10:10,14；但9:24,26；赛52:13-53:12）。然而，既然祂是父为他们赐下的（罗8:32；约3:16），并且祂的顺服和满足代替他们而被接受（林后5:21；弗5:2；腓2:6-9；赛53:10-11），两者都是白白的，并非因为他们本身有什么，所以，他们的称义只是出于白白的恩典（罗3:24；弗1:7），要叫神绝对的公义和丰富的恩典可以在罪人的称义上得荣耀（罗3:26；弗2:7；亚9:9；赛45:21）。

Christ, by His obedience and death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction of His Father’s justice in their behalf. Yet inasmuch as He was given by the Father for them, and His obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead, and both freely, not for any thing in them, their justification is only of free grace, that both the exact justice and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners.

四、神从永恒里就定意要称选民为义（罗8:29-30；加3:8；彼前1:2,19-20）；并且基督在日期满足的时候为他们的罪而死，又为他们的称义复活（加4:4；提前2:6；罗4:25）；虽然如此，直到圣灵在所定的时候实际地将基督带给他们，他们才得以被称为义（弗2:3；多3:4-7；加2:16；西1:21-22）。

God did, from all eternity, decree to justify the elect; and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins and rise again for their justification; nevertheless they are not justified until the Holy Spirit doth, in due time, actually apply Christ unto them.

五、神会继续赦免那些被称义之人的罪（太6:12；约壹1:7,9；2:1-2）；虽然他们永远不会从称义的地位上堕落（罗5:1-5；8:30-39；来10:14；路22:32；约10:28），但他们可能因自己的罪落在神如父一般的不悦之下，以致祂的面光不会回到他们身上，直到他们谦卑自己、承认自己的罪、祈求赦免，并且更新他们的信心和悔改（诗89:30-33；51；32:5；太26:75；路1:20；林前11:30,32）。

God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified; and although they can never fall from the state of justification, yet they may by their sins fall under God’s Fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of His countenance restored unto them, until they humble themselves, confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance.

六、旧约信徒的称义，与新约信徒的称义，在所有这些方面都是一样的（加3:9,13-14；罗4:6-8,22-24；10:6-13；来13:8）。

The justification of believers under the Old Testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the New Testament.