一、神在祂永恒的旨意中,乐意拣选并命定祂的独生子主耶稣,作为神与人之间的中保(赛42:1;彼前1:19-20;约3:16;提前2:5)、先知(徒3:20,22;申18:15)、祭司(来5:5-6)、君王(诗2:6;路1:33;赛9:5-6;徒2:29-36;西1:13)、教会的元首和救主(弗5:23)、万有的承受者(来1:2),以及世界的审判者(徒17:31);从永恒里,祂就将一个族类赐给祂作为后裔(约17:6;诗22:30;赛53:10;弗1:4),并使他们在时间里被祂救赎、呼召、称义、成圣、赐荣耀(提前2:6;赛55:4-5;林前1:30;罗8:30)。

It pleased God, in His eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord Jesus, His only-begotten Son, to be the mediator between God and men, the prophet, priest, and king; the head and Savior of the church, the heir of all things, and judge of the world; unto whom He did, from all eternity, give a people to be His seed, and to be by Him in time redeemed, called, justified, sanctified, and glorified.

二、神的儿子,三位一体中的第二个位格,是真正和永恒的神,与父本质相同、地位同等,当日期满足的时候,祂就取了人的本性(约1:1,14;约壹5:20;腓2:6;加4:4),具有人基本的属性和共有的软弱,只是没有罪(加2:7;来2:14,16-17;4:15):祂因着圣灵的大能,在童贞女马利亚腹中成孕,取了她的本质 (路1:27,31,35;加4:4;太1:18,20-21)。如此,神性和人性这两种完整、完美、却截然不同的本性,不可分割地结合在一个位格里面,没有转化、混合、混乱(太16:16;西2:9;罗9:5;提前3:16)。这个位格既是真正的神、也是真正的人,然而只是一位基督、神与人之间的惟一中保(罗1:3-4;提前2:5)。

The Son of God, the second person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, and equal with the Father, did, when the fullness of time was come, take upon Him man’s nature, with all the essential properties and common infirmities thereof; yet without sin: being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance. So that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably joined together in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion. Which person is very God and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator between God and man.

三、主耶稣在祂如此与神性联合的人性中,被圣灵分别为圣、无限量地恩膏(诗45:7;约3:34;赛61:1;路4:18;来1:8-9);在祂里面蕴藏着一切智慧和知识(西2:3),父喜欢叫一切的丰盛在祂里面居住(西1:19):使祂圣洁、无邪恶、无玷污、满有恩典和真理(来7:26;约1:14),得以成全完备,胜任中保和保证人的职分(徒10:38;来12:24;7:22)。这职分原不是祂自己自取的,乃是祂父所呼召的(来5:4-5),父将一切权柄和审判都交在祂手里,又命令祂去执行(约5:22,27;太28:18;徒2:36)。

The Lord Jesus in His human nature thus united to the divine, was sanctified and anointed with the Holy Spirit above measure; having in Him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell: to the end that being holy, harmless, undefiled, and full of grace and truth, He might be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a mediator and surety. Which office He took not unto himself, but was thereunto called by His Father; who put all power and judgment into His hand, and gave Him commandment to execute the same.

四、主耶稣心甘情愿地承担了这一职分(诗40:7-8;来10:5-10;约4:34;10:18;腓2:8);为了履行这职分,祂被安排生在律法之下(加4:4),并且完美地履行了它(太3:15;5:17;来5:8-9);祂的灵魂直接忍受了最严重的折磨(太26:37-38;路22:44;太27:46),祂的身体忍受了最痛苦的苦楚(太26:67-68;27:27-50);被钉十字架而死去(可15:24,37;腓2:8);被埋葬,处于死亡的权势之下,却未见朽坏(太27:60;徒2:24,27;13:29,37;罗6:9)。祂第三天从死里复活(林前15:3-4),带着祂受苦的同一个身体(路24:39;约20:25,27);也带着这个身体升天,坐在祂父的右边(路24:50-51;彼前3:22),为我们代祷(罗8:34;来7:25;9:24);并要在世界的末了回来审判人类和天使(徒1:11;约5:28-29;罗14:10;徒10:42;太13:40-42;犹6;彼后2:4)。

This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake, which, that He might discharge, He was made under the law, and did perfectly fulfill it; endured most grievous torments immediately in His soul, and most painful sufferings in His body; was crucified and died; was buried, and remained under the power of death, yet saw no corruption. On the third day He arose from the dead, with the same body in which He suffered; with which also He ascended into heaven, and there sitteth at the right hand of His Father, making intercession; and shall return to judge men and angels, at the end of the world.

译注:

  1. 耶稣基督成为罪身的形状,但并没有成为罪人;祂与罪人的认同是有限度的,受到恩典之约和神旨意的限制。
  2. 不可过分夸张道成肉身的认同,引申为传福音、辅导、帮助人时的与人认同;更不能说基督尊重多元世界,所以祂也成为人、成为多元世界的一部分。

五、主耶稣以自己的完全顺服和献上自己为祭,借着永远的灵一次献给神,完全满足了祂父的公义(罗5:19;来9:14;10:14;弗5:2;罗3:25-26),并为所有那些祂父所赐给祂的人,不仅买得了和好,而且买得了天国中永恒的基业。(但9:24,26;林后5:18;西1:20;弗1:11,14;来9:12,15;约17:2)。

The Lord Jesus, by His perfect obedience and sacrifice of Himself, which He through the eternal Spirit once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of His Father; and purchased not only reconciliation, but an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto Him.

解读:

  1. 如果基督在十字架上所付的代价只够使自己的百姓免去罪的刑罚,却不够为他们买得天国中永恒的基业,那么祂的百姓只是回到亚当堕落前的地位上,仍然需要努力,才能使自己得到永生。
  2. 福音不是好忠告,而是好消息。福音不是教导人「如果想得救,应该做什么」,而是宣告「基督已经为我们做成的事」。基督所做的已经足够了——这就是福音,承认这一点,才能被称为「福音派」。

六、虽然基督的救赎之工要到祂道成肉身以后才实际完成,但其功德、效果和益处,却通过那些应许、预表和献祭,从世界之初就在所有的时代中陆续传递给被拣选者。借着这些应许、预表和献祭,祂被启示、并被指明就是那位要伤蛇之头的女人的后裔,也是那从世界之初就被杀的羔羊,昨日今日一直不变、直到永远(加4:4-5;创3:15;林前10:4;启13:8;来13:8;罗3:25;来9:15)。

Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after His incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated into the elect, in all ages successively from the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, types, and sacrifices wherein He was revealed, and signified to be the seed of the woman, which should bruise the serpent’s head, and the Lamb slain from the beginning of the world, being yesterday and today the same and forever.

译注:

  1. 误:神的儿子基督=神圣的道=「神圣的理性」= 非位格的属性和能力。正如人有理性和灵,神也有祂的理性(道)和灵(圣灵)。
    正:神的儿子基督=神,拥有所有圣父和圣灵的属性。这些属性包括:主权,永恒,无限,不变;智慧,权能/主权,圣洁,公正/公义,良善/恩慈/爱,真理。我们的神是圣经所启示的神,是无限的、又是有位格的。异教/非基督教的神,不是无限但非位格的(如:希腊哲学的「形式form、理念idea、道logos」),就是有限但有位格的。如:希腊神话和中国民间宗教中的诸神。希腊哲学两点要害的错误,首先是把「存有 being」当作属性,其次是认为神、天使和人之间的区别只是「存有」的数量多少,都在最高的pure being和最低的pure matter之间作空中飞人。但「存有」只有是与不是的区别,并没有多与少的不同。希腊哲学的「纯存有 pure being」与佛教的「空」、道教的「道」都是同一类的东西。
  2. 误:「道 Logos」赋予人类理性之光,「道」之光是外邦人来到更全备的福音之光面前的垫脚石。
    正:「道 Logos」(基督)确实在创造之初就赋予人类理性/思想,但人误用了理性(认为自己的理性可以离开神、独立自主),理性已经堕落了。今天的哲学并非人原有的理性正确使用的结果,乃是误用理性的结果。因此,人的理性需要神新的光照。人的理性需要悔改,需要来到神面前、服在祂之下,被祂所更新(罗12:2)。不能离开堕落的前提,抽象地谈论理性和圣经。堕落的理性需要被救赎。今天的各种错误,往往是因为看不到堕落对理性的影响。当我们要讨好人的时候,一定会把人的地位捧得很高:有时是人的自由意志、有时是人的道德哲学、有时是人的良善爱心。有些基督徒喜欢说,所有的真理都是神的真理,但并非所有自称为真理的都是真理,许多都是人的理性堕落、高抬理性的产物。有人说老子的道就圣经的道、哲学家的道就是圣经的道。但哲学家的道只是一个抽象的概念,只是神的理性、神的属性。世界上的人喜欢寻求找抽象的绝对,因为惟独有位格的绝对才有权统治人、审判人,呼召人:你听我讲、你跟我走、你为我活。一个抽象的绝对观念是不会要求相信、要人悔改的,知识分子最喜欢的就是不要求悔改的信靠顺服和绝对真理。如果基督徒跟着世俗的知识分子和哲学跑,最后得到的就是这种抽象的、非位格的真理。
  3. 误:神的道基督= 一切启蒙之源、人间一切真理之源。因此:所有的真理都是神的真理,一切哲学、心理学、文学等等=神的启示。
    正:基督(道)= 一切真理之源。人被造的时候被赋予了智慧、真理、圣洁与公义(创1:26-28,弗4:24),但人已经从他原有的智慧、公义、圣洁中堕落了。因此,若没有神的帮助,人所寻求的最终必然是愚拙的(林前1:18-31)。因此,人在哲学、心理学、艺术、文学等方面的成就,都不是神的启示,也不可能是神的启示。相反,这些是堕落的罪人对神普遍启示的回应。基督并不对堕落罪人的哲学与文化中的错误和扭曲的「真理」负责。(堕落的罪人时刻都在压抑或阻挡真理,所以不可能建立正确的哲学和宇宙观。但人不是全能的,所以对真理和普遍启示的压抑和阻挡又是不一致的,无法完全。明明是要压抑真理,结果却是相反,所以才有符合客观的科学、与圣经相似的哲学。哲学的混乱状况,就像神允许人不一致地借用神的本钱去做生意。

七、基督在中保的工作中,按照双重本性行事;借每种本性做适合该本性的事(约10:17-18;彼前3:18;来1:3;9:14);但是,由于位格的合一性,在圣经中,某一本性所特有的,有时会把被归于另一本性所指定的位格(徒20:28;路1:43;罗9:5)。

Christ, in the work of mediation, acteth according to both natures; by each nature doing that which is proper to itself; yet by reason of the unity of the person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes, in Scripture, attributed to the person denominated by the other nature.

八、对所有已经被基督买赎的人,祂确实地、有效地将这救赎实施在他们身上、并且传递给他们(约6:37,39;10:15-16,27-28);为他们代求(约壹2:1;罗8:34),使用道、借着道向他们启示救恩的奥秘(约15:15;弗1:9;约17:6);借着祂的灵,有效地劝服他们相信并顺从;借着祂的道和灵,管理他们的心(约14:16;林后4:13;罗8:9,14 ;15:18-19;约17:17);并以祂的全能和智慧,按照与祂奇妙莫测计划最为相符的方式和方法,胜过他们的一切仇敌(诗110:1;林前15:25,26;西2:15;路10:19)。

To all those for whom Christ hath purchased redemption, He doth certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same; making intercession for them, and revealing unto them, in and by the Word, the mysteries of salvation; effectually persuading them by His Spirit to believe and obey; and governing their hearts by His Word and Spirit; overcoming all their enemies by His almighty power and wisdom, in such manner and ways as are most consonant to His wonderful and unsearchable dispensation.

译注:

  1. 基督在十字架上确实地为被拣选者成就了救赎,而不是提供了得救的可能性和机会。所以祂不是发给人类一张空白支票、让人自己填上,而是借着圣灵把救恩实施在被拣选者身上。