一、虽然自然之光、创造与护理之工,都共同显示神的良善、智慧和权能,使人无可推诿(罗2:14-15;1:19-20;诗19:1-4;罗1:32-2:1);然而它们都不足以提供得救所必需的有关神自己、以及祂旨意的知识(约17 :3;林前1:21;2:13-14)。因此,主就乐意多次多方地向祂的教会启示祂自己、晓喻祂的旨意(来1:1-2);之后,主鉴于肉体的败坏、撒但与世界的恶意,为了真理能更好地得蒙保全、得以传扬,也为了教会的设立更稳固、安慰更明确,就将这一切都诉诸于文字(路1:3-4;罗15:4;太4:4,7,10;赛8:20);使圣经成为不可或缺(提后3:15;彼后1:19);神从前向祂的百姓启示自己旨意的那些方法,如今已经停止了(约20:31;林前14:37;约壹5:13;林前10:11;来1:1-2;2:2-4)。

Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence, do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable; yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of His will, which is necessary unto salvation; therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal Himself, and to declare that His will unto His church; and afterwards for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing; which maketh the holy Scripture to be most necessary; those former ways of God’s revealing His will unto His people being now ceased.

解读:

  1. 这是圣经的四大属性之一:必要性。相信圣经的必要性,就要挑战理性主义。
  2. nature这个词在十七、十八世纪的用法非常含糊,有时指人的天然本性,有时指自然界,但并无矛盾,因为当时人们认为这两者都是神造的。
  3. 特殊启示教导人永生之道,人通过特殊启示才能正确理解普遍启示。
  4. 在特殊启示中,既有神的作为,又有神的话语,两者互相解释。
  5. 特殊启示预设了普遍启示,没有普遍启示,就不能理解特殊启示,两者的必要性(Necessity)、权威性(Authority)、足够性(Sufficiency)和清晰性(Perspicuity)都是同等的。特殊启示的独特性,在于它的独特目的:1)引导人正确地解释普遍启示;2)在人类堕落后,纠正人对普遍启示的歪曲;3)启示神在基督里的救赎应许。

二、在《圣经》、或「成文之神的道」的名下,包括目前旧约和新约全书的各卷如下:

旧约各卷:《创世记》,《出埃及记》,《利未记》,《民数记》,《申命记》,《约书亚记》,《士师记》,《路得记》,《撒母耳记上》,《撒母耳记下》,《列王纪上》,《列王纪下》,《历代志上》,《历代志下》,《以斯拉记》,《尼希米记》,《以斯帖记》,《约伯记》,《诗篇》,《箴言》,《传道书》,《雅歌》,《以赛亚书》,《耶利米书》,《耶利米哀歌》,《以西结书》,《但以理书》,《何西阿书》,《约珥书》,《阿摩司书》,《俄巴底亚书》,《约拿书》,《弥迦书》,《那鸿书》,《哈巴谷书》,《西番雅书》,《哈该书》,《撒迦利亚书》,《玛拉基书》。

新约各卷:《马太福音》,《马可福音》,《路加福音》,《约翰福音》,《使徒行传》,《罗马书》,《哥林多前书》,《哥林多后书》,《加拉太书》,《以弗所书》,《腓立比书》,《歌罗西书》,《帖撒罗尼迦前书》,《帖撒罗尼迦后书》,《提摩太前书》,《提摩太后书》,《提多书》,《腓利门书》,《希伯来书》,《雅各书》,《彼得前书》,《彼得后书》,《约翰壹书》,《约翰贰书》,《约翰叁书》,《犹大书》,《启示录》。

所有各卷都透过神的默示而成,是人信仰和生活的准则(路16:29,31;路24:27,44;提后3:15-16;约5:46-47)。

Under the name of holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the books of the Old and New Testament, which are these:

Of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, I Chronicles, II Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

Of the New Testament: The Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, The Acts of the Apostles, Paul’s Epistles to the Romans, Corinthians I, Corinthians II, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians I, Thessalonians II, to Timothy I, to Timothy II, to Titus, to Philemon, The Epistle to the Hebrews, The Epistle of James, The First and Second Epistles of Peter, The First, Second, and Third Epistles of John, The Epistle of Jude, The Revelation.

All which are given by inspiration of God, to be the rule of faith and life.

解读:

  1. 这是圣经正典的清单。
  2.  「the rule of faith and life」也可理解为「信仰和生命的准则」,因为本信条中的大部分的「life」都是指「生命」。但第19章6节「a rule of life」意思是「生活的准则」,所以此处相应地译为「信仰和生活的准则」。

三、通常被称为旁经的那些书卷,因为并非源于神的默示,不是圣经正典的一部分,所以在神的教会里不具备任何权威,只能被当作人间一般的著作来看待或使用(启22:18-19;罗3:2;彼后1:21)。

The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the Canon of Scripture; and therefore are of no authority in the church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than other human writings.

解读:

  1. 旁经Apocrypha,或称次经Deuterocanonicals,指十五卷只存于七十士译本、不存于希伯来圣经中的希腊文或亚兰文著作,从未被主耶稣或新约圣经引述过。
  2. 东正教承认次经为旧约正典,但只作参考、不作信仰依据。天主教原本不接受次经为正典,但在改教期间于1546年的天特会议将次经纳入旧约正典,并作为信仰依据,以便继续教导为死人祷告、向圣徒祈祷、敬拜天使、炼狱等。
  3. 旁经不同于伪经Pseudepigrapha,伪经的内容与圣经的主要内容相违背或冲突。

四、圣经应当被人相信而服从的权威,并非取决于任何个人或教会的见证,而是完全取决于它的作者——本身就是真理的神。所以它必须被接受,因为它就是神的道(彼后1:19-20;提后3:16;约壹5:9;帖前2:13;启1:1-2)。

The authority of the holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is truth itself), the Author thereof; and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God.

解读:

  1. 这是圣经的四大属性之二:权威性。相信圣经的权威性,就要挑战人的自主性。
  2. 这里宣告神是圣经的作者,而不是「圣经部分是神所默示的」。
  3. 这里宣告圣经是「神的道」,而不是「圣经是道的见证、记录;圣经是神留下的痕迹;人可以从圣经里听到神的道」。

五、我们或许被教会的见证感动和影响,对圣经生发了崇高的敬意(提前3:15)。固然,圣经属天的内容(林前2:9-10),教义的功效(来4:12),文体的庄严,各部的一致(约10:35),总体的目的(就是将一切荣耀都归给神)(赛55:11;罗11:36),人类惟一得救之道的完全揭示(诗19:7-11;提后3:15),许多其他无与伦比的卓越之处,以及整体的纯全,都绰绰有余地自证它是神的道;但尽管如此,我们对其无谬无误的真理和神圣权威的完全信服和确据,是来自圣灵的内在工作,祂借着道、并和道一同在我们心中作见证(林前2:4-5;帖前1:5;约壹2:20,27;赛59:21)。

We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the Church to an high and reverent esteem of the holy Scripture; and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man’s salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.

解读:

  1. 圣经的启示是一贯的,不但是渐进的、也是前后一致的,不能把不同的书卷、文体之间在真理内容上对立起来。
  2. 圣经的无谬无误是权威性的一部分。infallible与inerrant是同义词,1970年代以后才予以区分,用「无谬 infallible」表示既不误导人、也不被误导的特性,「无误 inerrant」表示毫无虚假或错误的特性。自由派、新正统神学、新福音派都不承认圣经无误。
  3. 基督对旧约的见证是圣灵内证的重要部分,但不是全部;圣灵和道一同在人心中作见证,而新正统神学则不认为圣经是神的道。

六、有关神自己的荣耀、人的得救、信心、生命所必需之事的全备旨意,若非已经通过圣经明确地说明,就是可以从圣经推导出合理且必要的结论:人无论何时,都不得把圣灵的新启示和人的传统加进圣经里(提后3:16-17;加1:8,9;帖后2:2)。然而,我们承认,圣灵的内在光照对于救赎性理解圣道所揭示的这些事是必要的(约6:45;林前2:12,14-15;弗1:18;林后4:6)。至于某些关于敬拜神和治理教会的处境,与人类的行为和社团有相通之处,应该凭借自然之光和基督徒的谨慎,按照我们始终遵守的圣道通则来决定(林前11:13-14;14:26,40)。

The whole counsel of God, concerning all things necessary for His own glory, man’s salvation, faith, and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men. Nevertheless we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word; and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and the government of the church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed.

解读:

  1. 这是圣经的四大属性之三:完备性或足够性。相信圣经的足够性,就要反对宗派主义 (sectarianism)。
  2. 不可倚靠道德哲学、市场管理学、心理学、所谓「圣灵的新启示」、中世纪的人为传统等等。
  3. 圣经不只向人的理性说话,也向人的心灵说话。
  4. nature这个词在十七、十八世纪的用法非常含糊,有时指人的天然本性,有时指自然界,但这并无矛盾,因为当时人们认为这两者都是神造的。

七、圣经所载各事并非本身都同样简明,也并非对所有的人都同样清楚(彼后3:16);但那些为了得救所必须知道、相信和遵行的事,却总在圣经的此处或彼处被清楚提及、公开论及,以致无论有学问的、无学问的人,只要适当使用一般的方法,就都能获得充分的理解(诗119:105,130;申29:29;30:10-14;徒17:11)。

All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all; yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed, for salvation, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them.

解读:

  1. 这是圣经的四大属性之四:清晰性。相信圣经的清晰性,就要反对教权主义 (clericalism)。
  2. 「一般的方法 ordinary means」,指改教时期所说的「恩具、施恩具 means/instrument/vehicle/tool of grace」,指神赦免罪、使人称义的施恩途径,包括听道、读经、圣礼、祷告,也就是敬拜加上神的话。)
  3. 人在研读圣经的过程中,必须使用理性和感知,但这些理性、感知和方法都必须遵从圣经,也就是起点是寻求和顺服神的心意,而不是自我标榜为终极权威。因此,虽然人的解释难免混入对圣经的认识中,但是,当人的心智否定了自己的自主性,转而效法神的思维去思维时,就能顺服圣灵、胜过罪的影响,尽职地把解释工作做到最好。

八、希伯来文(古时神选民的母语)旧约和希腊文(写作时各国最熟悉的)新约,因为都直接出于神的默示,并在祂独特的看顾和护理下,历代都保持纯正、真实可靠(太5:18;诗119:89);因此,一切有关信仰的争辩,教会最终都必须诉诸于圣经(赛8:20;太15:3,6;徒15:15;路16:31)。然而,神的众民未必都通晓原文,虽然他们都有权接触圣经、渴慕圣经,并按神的命令存敬畏的心去阅读查考(约5:39;徒17:11;启1:3;提后3:14-15);所以,全部圣经都应该被译为它们所到之处各民族的通俗文字(太28:19-20;林前14:6;可15:34),让神的道丰丰富富地存在众人心中,使他们都能以蒙悦纳的方式敬拜祂(西3:16;出20:4-6;太15:7-9),并借圣经所生的忍耐和安慰得着盼望(罗15:4)。

The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which at the time of the writing of it was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and by His singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical; so as in all controversies of religion the church is finally to appeal unto them. But because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God who have right unto, and interest in, the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them, therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come, that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship Him in an acceptable manner, and, through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may have hope.

解读:

  1. 这是翻译圣经的必须性。
  2. 中世纪的天主教使用并禁止翻译拉丁文圣经,垄断信仰,致使普通人无法读懂圣经。
  3. 圣经中所用的「称义、代罪、挽回、不再定罪、买赎」等法律用语和商业用语是神默示的一部分,不是西方教会的文化包袱,相信圣经无误,必须同时接纳神所选用的文字、词语和观念。
  4. 解释是为了应用,查经是为了以蒙悦纳的方式是敬拜神。

九、解释圣经的无误准则,就是圣经本身;因此,若对任何一处经文真实、完整的意义存在疑问(每处经文只有一个意思,不是多种意思),可以通过查考其他讲得更为清楚的经文而得以知道(徒15:15;约5:46;彼后1:20-21)。

The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture, is the Scripture itself; and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it may be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly.

解读:

  1. 解经的原则:以经解经。

十、我们对于一切信仰争议的判断,以及对议会所有决议、古代作者各种见解、众人诸般教义、私人灵异现象的判断,所当遵循其判决的最高裁判,除了那位在圣经里说话的圣灵,别无他人(太22:29,31;徒28:25;约壹4:1-6)。

The Supreme Judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.

解读:

  1. religion源于拉丁语religionis,在十六、十七世纪的拉丁语境下,既可以理解为「宗教」,也可以理解为「敬虔生活」。